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Technological innovations for nuclear decommissioning

The CLEANDEM robot at the Saluggia Eurex plant with Nanopix3 during the in situ measurement of a 241Am radioactive source contained in a metal drum, with spectro-imaging reconstruction. © CEA
CEA-List is driving progress in digital instrumentation for nuclear dismantling and decommissioning (D&D), critical for the safety and public acceptance of nuclear power. We are contributing through three PhD contracts funded under the FOCUSDEM program and in situ demonstrations of radiological measurement technologies as part of the European CLEANDEM project.

The results of the FOCUSDEM program and CLEANDEM project mark a pivotal shift in optimizing the D&D operations essential to the life cycles of nuclear facilities, whether aging or newly planned.

The FOCUSDEM-funded PhD theses, supported by CEAList, addressed three major challenges in the radiological characterization of decommissioning sites—a cornerstone of operational safety. Andréa Macario Barros’ research focused on a modular system for radiological mapping. This system automates sensor localization with SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) technology, enabling more precise data acquisition and significantly reducing human error. This breakthrough is vital for reliably mapping contaminated areas, a key priority for field operators.

Dilan Tüzün’s research, building on pioneering work by the LNHB (Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel), developed moldable or deformable radioactive sources tailored to the diverse surfaces and materials encountered in the field, improving instrument calibration accuracy.

Aya Kanj’s research advanced a portable neutron spectro-imager designed to identify neutron radiation sources. This system complements gamma imagers and proves particularly valuable in environments with shielding that blocks gamma detection.

In parallel, the European CLEANDEM project—dedicated to robotic measurement technologies for D&D—concluded with real-world demonstrations of three CEA-List innovations deployed on an autonomous robot:

  • Nanopix3, a gamma spectro-imager, was successfully tested at SOGIN’s Eurex site in Saluggia, Italy, where it located a ²⁴¹Am radioactive source in under 10 seconds at a 2-meter distance (dose rate at the camera: ~0.2 µSv/h), proving its effectiveness at rapid hotspot detection.
  • The pixelated contamination monitor, designed to measure surface contamination on complex shapes, adapts to the irregular geometries of decommissioned structures for faster and more precise contamination assessments.
Modular mapping system mounted on NuCoMo-100. © CEA
The CLEANDEM robot at the Saluggia Eurex plant with Nanopix3 during the in situ measurement of a 241Am radioactive source contained in a metal drum, with spectro-imaging reconstruction. © CEA
  • Finally, the integration of shape sensing and OSL/FO technologies combines optically stimulated luminescence in optical fibers with 3D fiber shape reconstruction to deliver accurate dose measurements, even in hard-toreach locations.

These advances underscore CEA-List’s commitment to addressing nuclear decommissioning challenges—a field where safety, precision, and technological innovation are more crucial than ever. They reduce worker exposure, enhance measurement accuracy, and streamline site management. They also enable greater automation, making processes more efficient and less hazardous for personnel.

The technology in use

By delivering reliable radiological data, these technologies also pave the way for crisis management, accelerating information gathering. In the case of autonomous drones and robots, they can free first responders to focus on their primary tasks while an autonomous fleet collects data to avoid exposing them to radiological hazards.

 

Projects and partnerships

This work is part of ongoing R&D efforts, including CEA’s participation in the European project XSABILITY, which aims to enhance and miniaturize Nanopix3 and a neutron/gamma measurement system for improved characterization of nuclear decommissioning sites—particularly by deploying them on drones and autonomous robots.

Publications

Contributors to the article

  • MAUGAN MICHEL, EXPERT, IAEA

These breakthrough innovations will improve detection, mapping, and identification of radioactive sources in D&D operations.

Rebecca Cabean

MAUGAN MICHEL

EXPERT — IAEA

The system is also able to provide a digital model of the studied area, enriched with the radiological information provided by the sensors, allowing creation of a digital twin.

SOGIN